A novel minimally invasive and press-fit method for symphysiodesis - a biomechanical analysis.

PURPOSE: Does the cylindrical shaped bone block allow a stable construct for the arthrodesis of the pubic symphysis compared to a rectangular shaped bone block. The cylindrical shaped bone block stabilized by a 3.5 symphyseal plate is inferior to the stabilization with an internal fixator. METHODS: This study analyzed the arthrodesis of the pubic symphysis on 24 synthetic pelvises, using a rectangular shaped bone block (control group) or a cylindrical shaped bone block, stabilized with a symphysis locking plate (n = 8) as the standard clinical procedure. Additionally we analyzed the stability using an internal fixator. RESULTS: This study showed that utilizing a cylindrical shaped synthetic bone graft results in a significant higher contact area and compression force compared to the classical rectangular shaped graft. Furthermore, the stabilization with an internal fixator had the tendency for increases of compression force and contact area, yet without a statistical significance, when compared to the plate fixation. CONCLUSION: The novel method of cylindrical symphysis resection and cylindrical bone block implantation allowed an increased biomechanical stability compared to using a classical rectangular bone graft, also resulting in higher contact area. Moreover, this technique would also allow a minimally invasive approach for this purpose, which in turn could preserve perisymphyseal ligaments, thereby improving healing in a clinical context.

Massive bone allograft engineered with autologous vessels: A new perspective for the future.

Reconstruction is very important to ensure good function and quality of life after bone tumor resection. For metacarpals and phalanges, amputation and toe transfer are the gold-standard indications; nevertheless, allograft reconstruction must also be taken into account. Unfortunately, because of its inert biological behavior, it undergoes progressive resorption, with frequent fracture. Several attempts have been made to induce new vascularization in massive bone allograft, with poor results. However, neo-angiogenesis was reported with vascular loops, and we therefore hypothesized that heterologous graft integration could be enhanced by creating a vascular loop through the graft. A 50-year-old male with chondrosarcoma of the ring finger of the left hand underwent wide resection. An allogenic middle phalanx of comparable size was then prepared to fill the defect. Two small windows were performed proximally and distally on the radial surface of the allogenic phalanx, and a 4 cm-long vein graft was inserted inside the medullary canal. Metacarpophalangeal joint stability was achieved by collateral ligament reconstruction with micro-anchors. The distal part of the allograft was then stabilized to the middle phalanx with a 1.5 mm-thick micro-plate and screws. The radial proper palmar digital artery was proximally and distally sutured end-to-end to the vein graft, under microscopy. At 12-month follow-up, the allograft was fused, and histology performed at plate removal at 18 months revealed viable spindle cells with osteoblastic differentiation, without evidence of atypia, in a dense fibrous stroma. At 22 months' follow-up, the patient was apparently disease-free, and satisfied with his manual function.

[Arthroscopic reconstruction of scaphoid nonunions]. / Arthroskopische Rekonstruktion des Skaphoids bei Pseudarthrose.

OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive arthroscopically assisted reconstruction of scaphoid nonunions. INDICATIONS: Delayed union or nonunion of the scaphoid with sclerosis and with indication for bone transplantation. Limited arthritic changes at the radial styloid. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Severe humpback deformity with dorsal intercalated segment instability. Midcarpal arthritic changes. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Supine position with the forearm upright and in neutral position, the elbow flexed by 90°, axial traction of 3 to 4 kg. Standard wrist arthroscopy via the 3-4 and the 4-5 portal and the midcarpal joint via the radial and ulnar portal, respectively, with sodium chloride as arthroscopy medium. Change of the optic to the ulnar midcarpal portal and opening of the nonunion with an elevator via the radial midcarpal portal. Resection of the sclerosis with a 3.0 mm burr while irrigating the joint. Harvesting of cancellous bone via the second extensor compartment. On the hand table, closed reduction by joy-stick K­wires if needed and insertion of K­wires for the scaphoid screw. Insertion of the screw without entering of the distal thread into the bone. Arthroscopic insertion of the bone transplant by a blunt drill sleeve via the radial portal with steady compression by the obturator. Complete insertion of the screw under arthroscopic control of the compression of the nonunion space with arthroscopic control of stability with the probe. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Six weeks forearm cast including the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint, radiographic control and non-load bearing movements for two more weeks, CT scan in the oblique sagittal plane after 8 weeks, and increase of load, as well as physiotherapy on demand depending on the radiographic results. RESULTS: To date, 17 patients with a mean age of the nonunion of 18 months were treated. In 14 patients, bony union was achieved after 8 weeks. In one patient, an extraosseous screw placement was corrected. In another patient with extraosseous screw placement, persisting nonunion was treated with an angular stable plate. One scaphoid demonstrated an asymptomatic tight nonunion after 14 months, while one scaphoid with sclerosis of the proximal pole did not heal.

Técnica de template customizável para remoção de enxerto ósseo de crista ilíaca para reconstruções de defeitos mandibulares / Customizable template technique to harvest iliac crest bone graft for reconstructions of mandibular defects

RESUMO A remoção de enxerto da crista ilíaca anterior é uma boa opção para a reconstrução de defeitos mandibulares após ressecções por trauma ou outras doenças. Para obtenção de resultados clínicos de excelência em cirurgias reconstrutivas com enxertos ósseos, um planejamento pré-operatório preciso e uma refinada técnica cirúrgica são essenciais. Portanto, este artigo descreve o uso de um template customizável, que é indicado para obter bloco de osso ilíaco livre para reconstruções mandibulares imediatas ou tardias após defeitos marginais ou segmentares. O template é baseado em um fragmento de metal maleável obtido de uma lata de bebida de alumínio. Ele é utilizado no transoperatório para demarcar o sítio doador do enxerto ósseo e é especialmente útil devido ao acesso limitado à cortical interna da crista ilíaca. O template customizável tem se mostrado uma ferramenta de fácil aplicação para determinar o tamanho do bloco de enxerto a ser coletado da região ilíaca, otimizando o tempo cirúrgico e evitando a remoção insuficiente de enxerto ósseo.

ABSTRACT Bone graft harvesting from the anterior iliac crest is a good option for reconstructing mandibular defects after trauma or other diseases. In order to achieve optimal clinical results in reconstructive surgeries with bone grafts, accurate preoperative planning and prestigious surgical technique are paramount. Therefore, this paper describes the use of a customizable template that is indicated for obtaining free iliac bone block for immediate or late mandibular reconstructions following marginal or segmental defects. The template is based on a piece of malleable metal obtained from an aluminum beverage can. It is used transoperatively to demarcate the bone graft donor site, being especially useful because of the limited access to the inner table of the anterior ilium. The described customizable template has been shown as a useful tool to easily determine the size of the bone block to be harvested from the iliac region, improving surgical time and preventing removal of insufficient bone graft.

Técnica de membrana inducida en la reconstrucción de defectos óseos postraumáticos / Membrane technique induced in the reconstruction of postraumatics bone defects

La técnica de membrana inducida o Masquelet, es un procedimiento quirúrgico utilizado para tratar pseudoartrosis, osteomielitis difusa con grandes secuestros y defectos óseos. OBJETIVOS: evaluar los resultados obtenidos con la técnica de Membrana inducida en el tratamiento quirúrgico de defectos óseos postraumático. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, tipo serie de casos: se reportaron cinco casos de defectos óseos postraumáticos tratados en el Hospital Clínico Viedma, desde enero de 2016 a diciembre del 2017, mediante reconstrucción en dos etapas. En la primera se indujo la formación de membrana con un espaciador de cemento óseo impregnado con antibiótico. En la segunda se reemplazó el espaciador por injerto óseo. Se evaluó el tiempo de consolidación, resultado funcional y se registraron las complicaciones. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron cinco pacientes (cuatro varones y una mujer), con edad promedio de 31 años (rango: 16-54). Dos casos fueron en la tibia, un caso en el fémur, uno en el astrágalo y uno en el cúbito. Tres de los defectos óseos fueron en longitud mayor o igual a 50 mm, con un promedio de 64 mm; tres de los casos tenían cultivos positivos al inicio del tratamiento y cuatro presentaron consolidación, con un único aporte de injerto óseo. El tiempo promedio para la consolidación fue ocho meses. Un caso presentó persistencia de infección. CONCLUSIONES: representa una buena alternativa en el manejo de defectos óseos segmentarios, con tasas adecuadas de consolidación, bajas complicaciones, tolerable por el paciente y reproducible en los hospitales de nuestro medio.

The Induced Membrane Technique or Masquelet is a surgical procedure used to treat pseudoarthrosis, diffuse osteomyelitis with great kidnappings and bone defects. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the results obtained with the Induced Membrane Technique in the surgical treatment of post-traumatic bone defects. METHODS: descriptive, longitudinal study, case series type: reported five cases of post-traumatic bone defects treated at Viedma Clinical Hospital, since January 2016 to December 2017, through two-stage reconstruction. In the first, membrane formation was induced with a bone cement spacer impregnated with antibiotic. In the second, the spacer was replaced by bone graft. The consolidation time, functional result and complications were recorded. RESULTS: Five patients were included (four men and one woman), with an average age of 31 years (range: 16-54). Two cases were in the tibia, one case in the femur, one in the talus and one in the ulna. Three of the bone defects were in length greater than or equal to 50 mm, with an average of 64 mm; three of the cases had positive cultures at the start of treatment and four presented consolidation, with a single contribution of bone graft. The average time for consolidation was eight months. One case presented persistence of infection. CONCLUSIONS: It represents a good alternative in the management of segmental bone defects, with adequate consolidation rates, low complications, tolerable by the patient and reproducible in hospitals in our environment.

Celiac disease associated with aplastic anemia in a 6-year-old girl: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Celiac disease may present with hematological abnormalities including long-standing anemia. Both aplastic anemia and celiac disease have a similar underlying autoimmune process but an association between the two is seldom reported. There have only been three pediatric cases reporting this association and this case is the first reported in a female pediatric patient. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of 6-year-old South Asian girl presenting with bruises, petechiae, and recent history of loose stools. On evaluation, she was diagnosed as having celiac disease and was put on a gluten-free diet and further investigations including bone marrow biopsy revealed pancytopenia. She was managed with packed red cells, platelets, and diet restrictions and had improving platelet counts over yearly follow ups. Her parents were counseled regarding the need for bone marrow transplant. CONCLUSIONS: This is the fourth case report suggesting an association between celiac disease and aplastic anemia in the pediatric population and this association could be more common than expected. Timely intervention of either celiac disease through strict gluten-free diet or aplastic anemia through immunosuppressive therapy could potentially reduce the risk for other autoimmune conditions. We can see that all four pediatric cases reported with this potential association are from South East Asia and hence larger studies would be prudent to explore this association.

Autogenous bone block grafting provides facial implant tissue stability long-term.

BACKGROUND: Mucosal recession (MR) and bone loss can compromise anterior implant esthetics. PURPOSE: To evaluate tissue stability and clinical outcomes of anterior implants augmented with autogenous block transplants long-term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional clinical study analyzed facial tissue recession of anterior implants augmented with autogenous bone blocks and compared them to adjacent teeth in forty patients 52 months post-augmentation. Clinical parameters, MR and implant transparency, were assessed at delivery and follow-up. The hypothesis is that the facial mucosa of augmented implant sites is more resistant to trauma than the gingival margins of adjacent teeth. RESULTS: Teeth were seven times more likely to present a facial recession than adjacent augmented implants at 52-month follow-up (RR: 7; P < .001; 95%CI: 2.7-18.0). Augmented implant sites were six times more likely to present "no-tissue-recession" than adjacent teeth (RR: 6.2; P < .001; 95%CI: 2.4-15.7). Mean tooth facial tissue recession was significantly higher than adjacent implants, 1.18 ± 1.05 mm (range: 0-3.5 mm) vs. 0.06 ± 0.2 mm (95%CI: 0.8-1.5; P < .0001). Thick biotype teeth were 2 times more resistant to recession than thin biotype teeth (RR: 2.03; P = .03; 95%CI: 1.2-3.5). Implant success rates were 100%. Lack of transparency and MR at facial implant sites lasted an average of 52 months and up to 144 without signs of inflammation or pocket formation regardless of the individual's biotype. Facial bone thicknesses of 2.2 mm seem optimal for tissue stability. CONCLUSIONS: Autogenous bone block augmentation with staged implant placement seems to be a predictable, short-healing, reconstructive protocol in the esthetic zone maintaining stable peri-implant tissues long-term. Implant augmented sites seem more resistant to develop a recession than adjacent teeth.

S3-Guideline non-traumatic adult femoral head necrosis.

INTRODUCTION: The treatment of adult non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN; N-ANFH) within an estimated incidence of 5000-7000 cases per annum in Germany remains a challenge. Risk factors include steroids, alcohol abuse, chemotherapy and immunosuppressive medication, but a genetic predisposition has been suggested. Early diagnosis of this often bilateral disease process is essential for successful conservative or joint preserving surgical management. In this review, we present the update German consensus S3 guideline "diagnosis and management for N-ANFH" as a concise summary. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review is based on the published literature from January 1, 1970 to April 31, 2013 (German and English language). Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews, meta-analyses and relevant peer review publications. We identified a total of 3715 related publications, of which 422 were suitable according to the SIGN criteria, but only 159 fulfilled our inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Clinical suspicion of N-ANFH mandates radiographic evaluation. If radiographs are normal MRI scans are recommended, which should be evaluated according to the ARCO-classification. Differential diagnoses include transient osteoporosis, bone bruise, insufficiency fracture and destructive arthropathy. Untreated, subchondral fractures commonly occur within 2 years, during which the risk for contralateral involvement is high-thereafter unlikely. Conservative management with Ilomedin and Alendronat can be tried, but other pharmacological or physical treatments are inappropriate. No specific joint preserving procedure can be recommended, but core decompression should be considered in early stages if necrosis is <30 %. In ARCO stages IIIc or IV total hip arthroplasty (THA) should be contemplated, which offers similar outcome compared to osteoarthritis. Young age is the main risk factor for higher revision rates after THA for N-ANFH.

[Anterior mandibular bone augmentation techniques. Literature review]. / Les augmentations osseuses mandibulaires antérieures. Revue de la littérature.

INTRODUCTION: Mandibular edentation may lead to major symphyseal resorption making the placement of dental implants impossible. In this situation, bone augmentation techniques are available. The goal of our study was to make a review of the literature of the different techniques in use. METHOD: A bibliographic research was conducted on the Medline, Ovid and Cochrane Library databases with the following keywords: anterior mandible, bone grafting, mandibular symphysis reconstruction. We selected only articles written in English, published from January 1975 to August 2014 and expressly dealing with anterior mandibular bone augmentation techniques. RESULTS: Sixty-nine articles were analyzed. Eight bone augmentation techniques were reported. Bone grafting using iliac or calvarial bone and immediate or delayed implantation was the most popular technique. The main complications were infection, exposure or resorption of the graft, and chin and lip hypo- or anesthesia. The other reported techniques (osteotomies, distraction osteogenesis, transmandibular implants, mandibular reconstruction plates, fibula free flaps) were more confidential or had specific indications. There was no indication for biomaterials excepted if combined with autologous bone.

Reconstrucción de defectos óseos segmentarios postraumáticos mediante técnica de inducción de membrana / Surgical treatment of post-traumatic segmental bone defects through the induction membrane technique

Objetivos: Describir y evaluar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de defectos óseos postraumáticos (DOPT) segmentarios mediante técnica de inducción de membrana. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal de 20 casos de DOPT segmentarios tratados en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia de Lima, desde enero de 2009 a junio de 2014, mediante reconstrucción en dos etapas con técnica de inducción de membrana. En la primera etapa se indujo la formación de membrana con un espaciador de cemento óseo impregnado con antibiótico. En la segunda etapa se reemplazó el espaciador por injerto óseo. Se evaluó el tiempo de consolidación, grado de acortamiento de la extremidad y resultado funcional. Se registraron las complicaciones. Resultados: Se incluyeron 20 pacientes (15 varones y 5 mujeres), con edad promedio de 29 años (rango: 13-54). Once casos fueron DOPT en tibia, 7 casos en fémur, uno en radio y uno en cúbito. El 90% de los DOPT fueron en longitud mayor o igual a 50 mm, con un promedio de 73 mm; 60% de los casos tenían cultivos positivos al inicio del tratamiento. Presentaron consolidación el 90% de los casos con un único aporte de injerto óseo, el tiempo promedio para la consolidación fue 8 meses. Uno requirió un segundo aporte de injerto y un caso presentó persistencia de infección sin consolidación. Conclusiones: La técnica de inducción de membrana es un método eficaz para el tratamiento de DOPT segmentarios. (AU)

Objectives: To describe the results of surgical treatment of post-traumatic segmental bone defects (PSBD) through the induction membrane technique. Material and Methods: Observational study in patients attended at Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia in Lima from January 2009 to June 2014, in whom a two-step reconstruction procedure for PSBD was performed using the induction membrane technique. In the first step, the formation of a membrane was induced with an antibiotic spacer block followed by replacement of the spacer with bone grafting. Time to bone consolidation, degree of shortening of the extremity, functional status and complications were recorded. Results: Twenty patients were included in the study (15 males and 5 females); mean age was 29 year (range: 13-54). Eleven cases had PSBD in the tibia, 7 in the femur, 1 in the radius and 1 in the ulna; in 90% of cases the PSBD had a length of at least 50mm (mean of 73 mm); 60% of cases had a positive culture at the beginning of treatment. Ninety percent consolidated the fracture with a single procedure in a meantime of 8 months. One patient required a second procedure and one presented a persistent infection without consolidation. Conclusions: The induction membrane technique is an efficacious procedure for managing PSBD. (AU)

O uso de ossos alógenos para reconstrução dos maxilares pode induzir anticorpos anti-HLA / The use of allogeneic bone for jaw reconstruction can induce anti-HLA antibodies

Uma das maiores controvérsias relacionadas ao uso de osso alógeno relaciona-se à possível sensibilização imunogênica do paciente receptor. Isso, teoricamente, poderia causar rejeição, incorporação óssea lenta, osteólise, erosões ósseas, degeneração articular, infecção e fratura. Existem na literatura alguns trabalhos demonstrando indícios de sensibilização imunológica frente ao uso dos enxertos ósseos alógenos frescos congelados, com sensibilização da molécula HLA doador-específico. No entanto, há carência de trabalhos científicos que avaliem as possibilidades de sensibilização em humanos após transplante ósseo para fins de reconstrução, para posicionamento de implante dentário. Nosso grupo demonstrou em um trabalho recente a sensibilização para HLA em 33,3% dos pacientes receptores de transplante ósseo córtico-medular, porém, não existiu repercussão significativa da sensibilização na incorporação do enxerto, já que em todos os indivíduos da pesquisa os enxertos apresentaram boa incorporação e remodelação. Apesar da ausência de influência da sensibilização por HLA na incorporação dos enxertos ósseos, deve-se ponderar que uma parcela significativa dos pacientes (33,3%) foi sensibilizada, o que poderia acentuar a rejeição a futuros transplantes, como de fígado ou coração, portadores dos mesmos antígenos HLA (second-set rejection). Faz-se necessário o aprofundamento das investigações científicas sobre a possibilidade de sensibilização dos pacientes receptores de transplante ósseo para fins de reabilitação dentária por meio de implantes.

There is much controversy regarding the use of allogeneic bone in relation to the risk of immunogenic sensitization of the host. This could increase the chances of graft rejection, slow bone incorporation, osteolysis, bony erosions, joint degeneration, infection and fracture. Some studies have shown evidence of immunological sensitization, when using fresh frozen allogeneic bone grafts, against the donor-specific HLA molecule. However, there are only a few studies assessing the risk of sensitization in humans after bone grafting for bone reconstruction prior to dental implant placement. Our group has recently demonstrated a 33.3% rate of HLA sensitization in patients receiving a corticancellous bone graft, however, with no significant effect on graft incorporation, since all subjects in the study showed adequate incorporation and bone remodeling. Despite there being no influence of HLA sensitization in bone graft incorporation, it should be highlighted that a significant portion of patients (33.3%) was sensitized, which could jeopardize future transplants, such as liver or heart, from donors with the same HLA type (second-set rejection). Further investigation is necessary on the sensitization risk among patients receiving bone transplant for the purpose of dental rehabilitation using implants.

Fração mononuclear da medula óssea para reconstrução óssea em levantamento de seio maxilar / Stem cells for bone reconstruction in sinus lifting

Introdução: a demanda por procedimentos de enxertia óssea apresenta um crescimento substancial na área de reabilitação bucal. Entretanto, os pacientes dispostos a se submeter às cirurgias reconstrutivas procuram por procedimentos menos invasivos e com um pós-operatório menos mórbido. Técnicas de reconstrução óssea menos invasivas utilizam, tradicionalmente, substitutos ósseos no sentido de alcançar esses objetivos. No entanto, novos estudos voltados à engenharia tecidual apresentam as células-tronco da medula óssea, em associação a substitutos ósseos, como potencial de melhoramento das características biológicas dos materiais de enxertia. Objetivo: apresentar um caso clínico com a utilização de um concentrado do aspirado da medula óssea autógena (com isolamento da fração mononuclear da medula óssea), associado ao Bio-Oss em um procedimento de levantamento de seio maxilar. Resultados: decorridos cinco meses do procedimento de enxertia composta (Bio-Oss + concentrado de células-tronco medulares),, foram removidas biópsias ósseas durante a cirurgia de instalação dos implantes. Após processamento, as imagens histológicas apresentaram grande quantidade de tecido mineralizado vital para um pós-operatório de cinco meses. Conclusão: o uso do concentrado da fração mononuclear da medula óssea associado ao substituto ósseo xenógeno Bio-Oss em levantamento de seio maxilar parece repercutir em adequado reparo ósseo, culminando em um menor tempo de cicatrização óssea. Porém, estudos clínicos prospectivos randomizados devem ser executados...

Introduction: The demand for bone reconstruction in oral rehabilitation has been growing substantially. However, patients willing to undergo reconstructive surgery want less invasive procedures with less postoperative morbidity. Less invasive bone reconstruction techniques have used bone substitutes to achieve these objectives. Nevertheless, recent studies about tissue engineering have demonstrated that stem cells, in combination with bone grafts, may potentially improve the biological characteristics of grafting material. Objective: To describe a clinical case of sinus elevation using autologous bone marrow aspirate resulting from the isolation of a bone marrow mononuclear fraction combined with Bio-Oss. Results: Five months after the combined grafting procedure (Bio-Oss + bone marrow stem cells), bone biopsies were harvested during implant placement surgery. Histological images revealed a large amount of vital mineralized tissue for a 5-month postoperative time. Conclusion: The clinical use of bone marrow mononuclear fraction combined with Bio-Oss - a xenogeneic bone substitute - in maxillary sinus elevation seems to result in good bone repair and shorter healing time...

Evaluation of the presence of VEGF, BMP2 and CBFA1 proteins in autogenous bone graft: histometric and immunohistochemical analysis.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of proteins that participate in the osteoinduction stage (VEGF, BMP2 and CBFA1) of the process of bone regeneration of defects created in rat calvariae and filled with autogenous bone block grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar) were used, who received two bone defects measuring 5 mm each in the calvariae. The bone defects constituted two experimental groups (n = 10): Control Group (CONT) (defects filled with a coagulum); Graft Group (GR) (defects filled with autogenous bone removed from the contralateral defect). The animals were submitted to euthanasia at 7 and 30 days post-operatively. RESULTS: Quantitative analysis demonstrated significantly greater bone formation in Group GR, but the presence of the studied proteins was significantly greater in the CONT Group in both time intervals of observation. CONCLUSION: It was not possible in this study in cortical bone block groups to detect the osteoinductive proteins in a significant amount during the repair process.

Alorreatividade dos enxertos ósseos homólogos na reconstrução alveolar em humanos / Allorreactivity of fresh-frozen boné graft in human ridge augmentation

Enxerto ósseo homólogo é utilizado independentemente da compatibilidade HLA entre doador e receptor ou uso de drogas imunossupressoras. Considerando o volume de transplantes ósseos realizados no Brasil e o possível efeito deletério da sensibilização HLA para o transplante de órgãos sólidos, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a alorreatividade do enxerto ósseo homólogo fresco-congelado utilizado na reconstrução alveolar com finalidade de reabilitação oral com prótese sobre implantes. Anticorpos anti-HLA e anti-MICA foram monitorados através do teste Labscreen® Mixed, nos intervalos 0, 7, 30, 90 e 180 pós transplante ósseo em 15 pacientes (6 homens e 9 mulheres, idade média 58,1, DP=10,1) que estavam em tratamento no Instituto de Odontologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Caso resultado do teste Mixed fosse positivo (Razão de fundo normatizado, NBG>4,5) o teste Labscreen® Single (tecnologia antígeno único por pérola, SABA) era realizado para verificar se os anticorpos anti-HLA eram específicos ao doador. Nenhum paciente relatou transplante prévio, 4 relataram transfusão prévia e todas as mulheres relataram gravidez. Dez pacientes não apresentaram reação positiva no dia 0 sendo considerados não sensibilizados previamente (NSP); destes, 6 pacientes permaneceram sem nenhuma evidência de sensibilização, 2 pacientes apresentaram reação positiva para Classe I e II; 2 para Classe I apenas; e 2 para MICA, sendo considerados sensibilizados pelo enxerto ósseo oral. Dois pacientes apresentaram aumento de Intensidade Média de Fluorescência (ΔMFI>1000) de anticorpos específicos ao doador para Classe I e Classe II, e 2 somente para Classe II, demonstrando uma reação específica ao doador. Os resultados sugerem uma alorreatividade HLA oscilatória ao enxerto ósseo homólogo em reconstruções alveolares, confirmada pela formação de anticorpos anti-HLA específicos ao doador em 4 pacientes (27%) da amostra.

Bone allografts are used without HLA donor-receptor compatibility or imunosupressor therapy. Taking in consideration the amount of bone graft procedures performed in Brazil and the possible deleterious effect of HLA sensitization in solid organ transplantation, the aim of this study was to evaluate fresh-freeze bone graft alorreactivity used in ridge augmentation surgery before oral rehabilitation with implants supported bridges. Anti-HLA and anti-MICA antibodies were evaluated by Labscreen® Mixed test, at 0, 7, 30, 90 e 180 days after bone transplantation in 15 patients (6 men e 9 women, mean age 58,1, SD=10,1) treated at the Dental Institute of the Rio de Janeiro Catholic University. If the mixed test (Normalized Background Ratio, NBG>4,5) was positive, donor specificity was evaluated by Labscreen® Single test (Single Antigen Bead Assay technology, SABA). None of patients had previous transplant history, 4 had transfusion history, and all women had pregnancy history. Ten patients did not have positive results at baseline and were considered not sensitized previously; 6 patients of them did not have any sensitization evidence during 6 month follow up, 2 patients had positive reaction for anti-HLA Class I and II; 2 were positive for anti-HLA Class I only; e 2 patients were positive for anti-MICA, and were considered sensitized by oral bone graft. Two patients had increased values of Median Fluorescence Intensity (ΔMFI>1000) of anti-HLA donor specific antibodies Class I and II, 2 for Class II only, showing a donor specific alorreactivity. The results sugest an oscilatory HLA reactivity, confirmed by the donor specific antibodies formation on 4 patients (27%) of this study.

Reconstruction of alveolar cleft with allogenous bone graft: Clinical considerations.

INTRODUCTION: Secondary bone grafting consists in a routine procedure on the treatment of patients with alveolar cleft. Usually, it is performed by the end of the mixed dentition, when the permanent canine is erupting, with autogenous cancellous bone from the iliac crest. OBJECTIVE: The present article discusses the alternative of autogenous bone grafting with allogeneic bone, obtained from human bone bank, illustrating the result with the report of a clinical case of left unilateral alveolar cleft.

Reconstruction of alveolar cleft with allogenous bone graft: clinical considerations

INTRODUCTION: Secondary bone grafting consists in a routine procedure on the treatment of patients with alveolar cleft. Usually, it is performed by the end of the mixed dentition, when the permanent canine is erupting, with autogenous cancellous bone from the iliac crest. OBJECTIVE: The present article discusses the alternative of autogenous bone grafting with allogeneic bone, obtained from human bone bank, illustrating the result with the presentation of a clinical case of left unilateral alveolar cleft.

INTRODUÇÃO: o enxerto ósseo secundário consiste em um procedimento rotineiro no tratamento de pacientes com fissura alveolar. Via de regra, é realizado no final da dentadura mista, na época de erupção do canino permanente, com osso medular autógeno retirado da crista ilíaca. OBJETIVO: o presente artigo discorre sobre a alternativa de enxerto ósseo autógeno realizado com osso alógeno, obtido de banco de ossos humanos, ilustrando o resultado com a apresentação de um caso clínico de fissura alveolar unilateral do lado esquerdo.

Hard and soft tissue manipulation to optimize the peri-implant aesthetics - case report

Introduction: The demand for aesthetic results in oral rehabilitation by dental implants in the anterior area constitutes a major challenge for dentists. Objective: The purpose of this paper was to report the management of hard and soft tissues to optimize the aesthetics of a single implant at anterior area. Case report: The patient underwent autogenous block bone graft surgery, Morse taper implant installation, peri-implant soft tissue manipulation through the “roll on" technique, provisional tooth and prosthetic finishing with metal free implant-supported crown. Conclusion: After three years of follow-up, this paper strongly suggests that the combination of bone with gingival techniques proved to be essential for obtaining predictability and adequate esthetic results.

Análise morfológica da osteocondução do Gen-Phos e Gen-Mix em calvária de rato / Morfologic osteoconduction evaluation of Gen-Phos and Gen-Mix in rat calvaria

Introdução: a utilização de substitutos ósseos vem aumentando na Odontologia em decorrência de resultados clínicos satisfatórios e previsíveis, menor morbidade pós-operatória e preços acessíveis. O material mais utilizado ainda é o osso bovino inorgânico com propriedades osteocondutoras. Na década de 80 iniciaram as buscas por um material sintético, osteocondutor com resultados iguais ou superiores ao osso inorgânico bovino. Objetivo: comparar histológica e histometricamente a propriedade osteocondutora do osso composto (GenMix, Baumer) com o fosfato betatricálcio (GenPhos, Baumer) implantados em defeito de tamanho crítico em calvária de rato. Resultados: observou-se 32,5% de neoformação óssea no grupo do osso composto e 45,9% no grupo do fosfato betatricálcio. Conclusões: com o tempo de observação microscópica desse trabalho, é possível afirmar que os materiais estudados não são absorvíveis e que o fosfato betatricálcio é mais osteocondutor comparado ao osso composto.

Introduction: the use of bone replacements in Dentistry has increased as a result of satisfactory and predictable clinical results, lower postoperative morbidity and affordable prices. The most common material used is still the inorganic bovine bone with osteoconductive properties. In the 1980’s began the search for a synthetic material with osteoconductive results equal or superior to inorganic bovine bone. Objective: To compare histological and histometric property of osteoconductive bone compound (GenMix, Baumer) with phosphate beta- tricalcium(GenPhos, Baumer) implanted in critical size defects in rat calvaria. Results: It was observed 32.5% of new bone formation in the group of compound bone and 45.9% in the phosphate beta-tricalcium group. Conclusions: Along the time of microscopic observation of this work, one can state that the materials studied are not absorbable and that phosphate beta-tricalcium is more osteoconductive compared to the compound bone...

Enxerto Òsseo Homógeno para Reconstrução de Maxila Atrófica / Allogenic bone grafts for reconstruction of Atrophic Maxilla

Com o advento da implantodontia moderna, tem sido cada vez maior a utilização de enxertos em bloco para reconstrução de estruturas ósseas perdidas. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir através de um caso clínico a reconstrução óssea de rebordo alveolar, utilizando osso homógeno, proveniente de um banco de ossos, na reconstrução de uma maxila comprometida, por meio do aumento da espessura do rebordo alveolar, possibilitando, dessa forma, a instalação de implantes osseointegráveis e suas respectivas próteses. Esse tipo de enxerto ósseo oferece como principais vantagens a eliminação da abordagem de um segundo sítio cirúrgico e quantidade suficiente de osso, o que reduz o tempo e a morbi¬dade. Portanto, o enxerto homógeno fresco congelado é uma alternativa para as reconstruções dos rebordos atróficos devido a sua capacidade de remodelação, incorporação e qualidade que permitem resistir às cargas funcionais quando da instalação de implantes osseointegráveis Foi concluído que esse enxerto é uma alternativa viável, segura e pouco traumática para o aumento ósseo com finalidade reabilitadora, embora haja a necessidade de mais pesquisas em longo prazo.

With the advent of modern implantology has been increasing the use of block grafts for reconstruction of lost bone structures. The aim of this paper is to discuss through a case study of the alveolar ridge bone reconstruction using fresh frozen allogenic bone, from a bone bank in the reconstruction of a jaw compromised by increasing the thickness of the alveolar ridge, allowing, thus, the installation of dental implants and their prosthetic limbs. This type of bone graft offers major advantages such as elimination of the approach of a second surgical site and sufficient quantity of bone, which reduces the time and morbid ¬ ity. Therefore, the fresh-frozen allogenic graft is an alternative for the reconstruction of atrophic ridges due to its ability to remodel, incorporation and quality that allow withstand functional loads when the installation of dental implants was concluded that graft is a viable, safe and less traumatic to the bone augmentation with rehabilitative purpose, although there is a need for more research on long term.

Reparo ósseo em defeito peri-implantar com e sem associação de enxerto ósseo autógeno obtido por piezocirurgia: estudo experimental em coelhos / Peri-implantar bone defect repair with and without association of autogenous bone graft obtained by piezosurgery: experimental study in rabbits

Proposição: A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar por análise histométrica a resposta tecidual óssea de enxerto autógeno coletado por piezocirurgia para o preenchimento de defeitos nas porções cervicais de implantes instalados em tíbias de coelhos. Métodos: Foram instalados 26 implantes em 13 tíbias de coelho, após a estabilidade inicial foram realizados defeitos cervicais por trefinagem, em um grupo foi mantido apenas o coágulo como preenchimento e em outro grupo o defeito foi preenchido por osso autógeno coletado por equipamento piezoelétrico, os animais foram sacrificados após 15 e 30 dias, a análise histométrica das interfaces implante-osso foram realizadas pelo software Image Lab. Resultados: Foi analisado o percentual de extensão linear de contato entre tecido ósseo e implante, a média percentual obtida de contato entre tecido ósseo neoformado e implante foram estabelecidas como médias da área de osso neoformado entre as espiras e contato osso-implante (BIC). Os resultados obtidos foram: no controle de 15 dias, o percentual entre as espiras foi de 65,2% e entre as espiras e contato osso-implante (BIC) de 88,7%. No controle de 30 dias o contato entre as espiras foi na ordem de 65,2% e entre as espiras e contato osso-implante (BIC) de 73,2%. No grupo de enxerto de 15 dias, o osso formado entre as espiras foi de 69,3% e entre as espiras e contato osso-implante (BIC) em 81%, no grupo enxerto 30 dias o osso formado entre as espiras foi de 91,47% e entre as espiras e contato ossoimplante (BIC) 91,56%. Conclusão: o enxerto ósseo autógeno particulado obtido por piezocirurgia apresenta melhor resultado que o coágulo sanguíneo no osso neoformado entre as espiras e no contato osso-implante

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate by histometric analysis the outcome of autogenous bone collected through piezo surgery equipment in filling cervical portion defects around implants placed in rabbits tibias. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six implants were installed in 13 rabbits tibias, after initial primary stability, cervical defects were carried out by the use of a trephina, in one group the cloth was maintained as the defect filling and in another group the defect was filled by autogenous bone collected through piezo surgery equipment, the animals were sacrificed after 15 and 30 days, the histometric analysis of the implant-bone interfaces were carried out by the use of Image Lab software. Results: The lineal stretch percentage of contact between bone and implant was analyzed, the average percentage obtained in the contact between the newly formed bone and the implant was established as the average area of the newly formed bone in the space between the spires and the bone-implant contact (BIC). The results obtained were: in the 15-days control group, the percentage of bone formation between the spires was of 65.2% and between the spires and boneimplant contact (BIC) was of 88.7%. In the 30-days control group the contact between the spires was of 65.2% and between the spires and bone-implant contact (BIC) of 73.2%. In the 15-days control grafted group, the formed bone between the spires was of 69.3% and between the spires and bone-implant contact (BIC) of 81%, in the 30-days control grafted group, the formed bone between the spires was of 91.47% and between the spires and bone-implant contact (BIC) of 91.56%. Conclusions: the autogenous bone collected through piezo surgery equipment showed better results than the blood clot regarding the newly formed bone between the spires and bone-implant contact (BIC)